#hello world

print("Hello world!")

#基本数据类型

x = int("32")
print(x)
print(type(x))
print(type("Hello world!"))
arr = "doris", "angel"
print(len(arr))
arr = "teapot",
print(len(arr))
arr = ["angel", "foo", "teapot", 45, 33]
print(type(arr), arr[1], type(arr[1]), type(arr[3]))
print(len("automatically"))
arr.append("doris")
print(arr)
a = None
print(a is None)
# while True:
#    i = input("Input a number:")
#    try:
#        i = int(i)
#        if i == 0:
#           break
#        print("Input number is:", i)
#    except ValueError as err:
#        print(err)
print(random.choice(arr))

#字符串

s = "The sword of truth"
print("{0}".format(s))
print("{0:25}".format(s))
print("{0:>25}".format(s))
print("{0:^25}".format(s))
print("{0:-^25}".format(s))
print("{0:.<25}".format(s))
print("{0:.10}".format(s))
maxwidth = 12
print("{0}".format(s[:maxwidth]))
print("{0:.{1}}".format(s, maxwidth))
print("{0:-^25}".format("number"))

# data = 8749203
print("{0:0=12}".format(8749203))
print("{0:0=12}".format(-8749203))
print("{0:012}".format(8749203))
print("{0:012}".format(-8749203))

print("{0:*<15}".format(18340427))
print("{0:*>15}".format(18340427))
print("{0:*^15}".format(18340427))
print("{0:*^15}".format(-18340427))

print("[{0:}][{1:}]".format(123456, -123456))
print("[{0:+}][{1:+}]".format(123456, -123456))
print("[{0:-}][{1:-}]".format(123456, -123456))

print("{0:b} {0:o} {0:x} {0:X}".format(4613198))
print("{0:#b} {0:#o} {0:#x} {0:#X}".format(4613198))

print("{0:,}".format(int(2.39432185e6)))
print("{0:*>13,}".format(int(2.39432185e6)))

print("{who} turned {age} this year!".format(who="Doris", age=20))

locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "")
x, y = (1234567890, 1234.56)
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "C")
c = "{0:n} {1:n}".format(x, y)
print(c)
# locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'en_US.UTF-8')
# en = "{0:n} {0：n}".format(x,  y)
# print(en)
# locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "de_DE.UTF-8")
# de = "{0:n} {0：n}".format(x, y)
# print(de)
a = "a"
print(a * 10)
amount = (10 ** 3) * math.pi
print("[{0:12.2e}][{0:12.2f}]".format(amount))
print("[{0:*>12.2e}][{0:*>12.2f}]".format(amount))
print("[{0:*>+12.2e}][{0:*>+12.2f}]".format(amount))
print("{:,.6f}".format(decimal.Decimal("1234567890.1234567890")))

#collection

import math
import collections

for x, y in ((-3, 4), (5, 12), (28, -45)):
    print(math.hypot(x, y))

Sale = collections.namedtuple("Sale", "productid customerid date quantity price")
sales = []
sales.append(Sale(432, 921, "2008-09-14", 3, 7.99))
sales.append(Sale(419, 874, "2008-09-15", 1, 18.49))
total = 0
for sale in sales:
    print("sale:{0} {1} {2} {3} {4}".format(sale.productid, sale.customerid, sale.date, sale.quantity, sale.price))
    total += sale.quantity * sale.price
print("Total ${0:.2f}".format(total))

Aircraft = collections.namedtuple("Aircraft", "manufacturer model seating")
Seating = collections.namedtuple("Seating", "minimum maximum")
aircraft = Aircraft("Airbus", "A320-200", Seating(100,220))
print(aircraft.seating.maximum)
print("{0} {1}".format(aircraft.manufacturer, aircraft.model))
print("{0.manufacturer} {0.model}".format(aircraft))

print("{0:-^25}".format(""))

first, *rest = "This is a list test".split()
print(first, rest)

# for ... in ...
leaps = []
for year in range(1900, 1940):
    if(year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or year % 400 == 0:
        leaps.append(year)
print("leaps:", leaps)
leaps = [y for y in range(1900, 1940) if (y % 4 == 0 and y % 100 != 0) or (y % 400 == 0)]

print("leaps:", leaps)

codes = []
for sex in "MF":
    for size in "SMLX":
        for color in "RGB":
            codes.append(sex + size + color)
print(codes)
codes = [s + z + c for s in "MF" for z in "SMLX" for c in "RGB"]
print(codes)

#set list
lists = list("apple")
set_test = set("apple")
print(lists)
print(set_test)

set_test.add("s")
print(set_test)
set_test.pop()
print(set_test)

#Dictionary
d1 = dict({"id": 1984, "name": "Washer", "size": 3})            #字典字面值创建
d2 = dict(id=1984, name="Washer", size=3)                          #关键字参数创建，最紧凑最方便
d3 = dict([("id", 1984), ("name", "Washer"), ("size", 3)])      #从序列中创建
d4 = dict(zip(("id", "name", "Washer"), (1984, "Washer", 3)))   #从序列中创建
d5 = {"id": 1984, "name": "Washer", "size": 3}               #从字典字面值创建
for d in d1.items():
    print(d[0], d[1])
for key, value in d1.items():
    print(key, value)
for value in d1.values():
    print(value)